Temperature range for germination of <i>Thekopsora areolata</i> aeciospores from Finnish Norway spruce seed orchards

Cherry-spruce rust caused by (Fr.) Magnus is a serious cone pathogen of Norway spruce [ (L.) Karst.]. The causes great economical losses in seed orchards specialized the production high quality seeds. Germination range aeciospores from populations (spore sources) seven Finnish was tested on water agar and malt at nine temperatures varying between 6–30 °C. temperature spore germination 6 °C 27 °C, while retarded 30 peak rate all sources occurred 15–24 In model with fixed effects media, source, had most significant effect germination. Spore source less effect, media non-significant able to germinate low corresponding when thermal growing season starts 5 spring. As spores cones both canopy ground showed very similar ranges, it indicated capacity early Hot over drastically reduced rust.Thekopsora areolataPicea abiesT. areolata